Error Handling

📚 Exception Types

The framework includes three specialized exception classes that extend PHP's base \Exception class:

🔍 AgentNotFoundException

Thrown when attempting to access or execute an agent that doesn't exist in the registry.

use Vizra\VizraADK\Exceptions\AgentNotFoundException;

// Example from AgentRegistry::getAgent()
if (!isset($this->registeredAgents[$name])) {
    throw new AgentNotFoundException("Agent '{$name}' is not registered.");
}

⚙️ AgentConfigurationException

Thrown when there are issues with agent configuration, such as invalid settings or missing required parameters.

use Vizra\VizraADK\Exceptions\AgentConfigurationException;

// Example usage
if (!class_exists($config)) {
    throw new AgentConfigurationException(
        "Agent class '{$config}' does not exist."
    );
}

🔧 ToolExecutionException

Thrown when errors occur during tool execution, including invalid parameters or runtime failures.

use Vizra\VizraADK\Exceptions\ToolExecutionException;

// Example in tool execution
try {
    $result = $tool->execute($arguments, $context);
} catch (\Exception $e) {
    throw new ToolExecutionException(
        "Tool '{$toolName}' failed: " . $e->getMessage()
    );
}

🎮 Handling Exceptions in Controllers

The AgentApiController demonstrates comprehensive exception handling:

use Vizra\VizraADK\Facades\Agent;
use Vizra\VizraADK\Exceptions\AgentNotFoundException;
use Vizra\VizraADK\Exceptions\ToolExecutionException;
use Vizra\VizraADK\Exceptions\AgentConfigurationException;

class AgentApiController extends Controller
{
    public function handleAgentInteraction(Request $request): JsonResponse
    {
        try {
            // Check if agent exists
            if (!Agent::hasAgent($agentName)) {
                return response()->json([
                    'error' => "Agent '{$agentName}' is not registered or found.",
                    'message' => "Please ensure the agent is registered..."
                ], 404);
            }

            // Execute agent
            $response = Agent::run($agentName, $input, $sessionId);

            return response()->json([
                'agent_name' => $agentName,
                'session_id' => $sessionId,
                'response' => $response,
            ]);

        } catch (AgentNotFoundException $e) {
            logger()->error("Agent not found: " . $e->getMessage());
            return response()->json([
                'error' => "Agent '{$agentName}' could not be found or loaded.",
                'detail' => $e->getMessage()
            ], 404);

        } catch (ToolExecutionException $e) {
            logger()->error("Tool execution error for agent {$agentName}: " . $e->getMessage(), [
                'exception' => $e
            ]);
            return response()->json([
                'error' => 'A tool required by the agent failed to execute.',
                'detail' => $e->getMessage()
            ], 500);

        } catch (AgentConfigurationException $e) {
            logger()->error("Agent configuration error for agent {$agentName}: " . $e->getMessage(), [
                'exception' => $e
            ]);
            return response()->json([
                'error' => 'Agent configuration error.',
                'detail' => $e->getMessage()
            ], 500);

        } catch (\Throwable $e) {
            // Catch-all for unexpected errors
            logger()->error("Error during agent '{$agentName}' execution: " . $e->getMessage(), [
                'exception' => $e
            ]);
            return response()->json([
                'error' => 'An unexpected error occurred while processing your request.',
                'detail' => $e->getMessage()
            ], 500);
        }
    }
}

💻 Error Handling in Commands

Artisan commands handle errors gracefully to provide helpful feedback:

// Example from RunEvalCommand
try {
    $evaluation = $this->loadEvaluation($evaluationName);
    $results = $evaluation->run();
} catch (\Exception $e) {
    $this->error("❌ Evaluation failed: " . $e->getMessage());
    return 1; // Return non-zero exit code
}

🏭 Error Handling in Services

Services like AgentRegistry validate configuration and throw appropriate exceptions:

public function getAgent(string $name): BaseAgent
{
    if (!isset($this->registeredAgents[$name])) {
        throw new AgentNotFoundException("Agent '{$name}' is not registered.");
    }

    $config = $this->registeredAgents[$name];

    if (is_string($config)) {
        if (!class_exists($config)) {
            throw new AgentConfigurationException(
                "Agent class '{$config}' does not exist."
            );
        }

        $agent = new $config();

        if (!$agent instanceof BaseAgent) {
            throw new AgentConfigurationException(
                "Agent class '{$config}' must extend BaseAgent."
            );
        }

        return $agent;
    }

    // Handle array configuration...
}

✨ Best Practices

1️⃣ Use Specific Exception Types

Always throw the most specific exception type for the error scenario:

// ✅ Good - specific exception
if (!$agent) {
    throw new AgentNotFoundException("Agent 'chatbot' not found");
}

// ❌ Avoid - generic exception
if (!$agent) {
    throw new \Exception("Agent not found");
}

2️⃣ Provide Meaningful Error Messages

Include context in error messages to help with debugging:

throw new ToolExecutionException(
    "Weather tool failed for location '{$location}': API key not configured"
);

3️⃣ Log Errors with Context

Always log errors with relevant context for debugging:

catch (ToolExecutionException $e) {
    logger()->error("Tool execution failed", [
        'agent' => $agentName,
        'tool' => $e->getToolName(),
        'session_id' => $sessionId,
        'exception' => $e
    ]);
}

4️⃣ Handle Errors at the Right Level

Let exceptions bubble up to where they can be handled appropriately:

// In a tool - let exception bubble up
public function execute(array $arguments, AgentContext $context): string
{
    if (!isset($arguments['location'])) {
        throw new ToolExecutionException("Location parameter is required");
    }

    // Tool logic...
}

// In the controller - handle and return appropriate response
try {
    $result = $agent->run($input);
} catch (ToolExecutionException $e) {
    return response()->json(['error' => $e->getMessage()], 400);
}

🎨 Creating Custom Exceptions

You can create custom exceptions for your specific use cases:

<?php

namespace App\Exceptions;

use Vizra\VizraADK\Exceptions\ToolExecutionException;

class ApiRateLimitException extends ToolExecutionException
{
    protected string $service;
    protected int $retryAfter;

    public function __construct(string $service, int $retryAfter)
    {
        $this->service = $service;
        $this->retryAfter = $retryAfter;

        parent::__construct(
            "Rate limit exceeded for {$service}. Retry after {$retryAfter} seconds."
        );
    }

    public function getRetryAfter(): int
    {
        return $this->retryAfter;
    }
}

🔄 Error Recovery Strategies

🌈 Graceful Degradation

Provide fallback behavior when non-critical operations fail:

public function execute(array $arguments, AgentContext $context): string
{
    try {
        // Try to get weather from primary API
        $weather = $this->primaryApi->getWeather($location);
    } catch (ToolExecutionException $e) {
        logger()->warning("Primary weather API failed, using fallback", [
            'error' => $e->getMessage()
        ]);

        // Fallback to secondary API
        try {
            $weather = $this->fallbackApi->getWeather($location);
        } catch (ToolExecutionException $e) {
            // Return cached or default response
            return json_encode([
                'error' => 'Weather service temporarily unavailable',
                'cached' => true,
                'data' => $this->getCachedWeather($location)
            ]);
        }
    }

    return json_encode($weather);
}

🔁 Retry Logic

Implement retry logic for transient failures:

use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Http;

public function executeWithRetry(callable $operation, int $maxAttempts = 3)
{
    $attempt = 1;

    while ($attempt <= $maxAttempts) {
        try {
            return $operation();
        } catch (ToolExecutionException $e) {
            if ($attempt === $maxAttempts) {
                throw $e;
            }

            logger()->warning("Operation failed, retrying", [
                'attempt' => $attempt,
                'max_attempts' => $maxAttempts,
                'error' => $e->getMessage()
            ]);

            sleep(pow(2, $attempt)); // Exponential backoff
            $attempt++;
        }
    }
}

🧪 Testing Error Handling

Always test your error handling paths:

use Vizra\VizraADK\Exceptions\AgentNotFoundException;

test('throws exception for non-existent agent', function () {
    $registry = app(AgentRegistry::class);

    expect(fn() => $registry->getAgent('non-existent'))
        ->toThrow(AgentNotFoundException::class, "Agent 'non-existent' is not registered.");
});

test('handles tool execution failure gracefully', function () {
    $response = $this->postJson('/api/vizra/interact', [
        'agent_name' => 'test_agent',
        'input' => 'trigger tool failure'
    ]);

    $response->assertStatus(500)
        ->assertJson([
            'error' => 'A tool required by the agent failed to execute.'
        ]);
});

🚀 Ready to Build Resilient Agents?

Master error handling and continue your journey:

🤖 Agent Class Reference 🔧 Tool Development 🧪 Testing Strategies